How to properly germinate seeds?
Growing plants from seeds is quite simple if we provide them with three basic conditions: sufficient moisture, appropriate temperature, and access to air. Seeds can be sown directly into loose substrate or first germinated in a damp paper towel. We can also use appropriate tools for germination and plant propagation. When choosing a method, follow the instructions on the packaging, as some plants have specific requirements regarding temperature, light, or sowing depth.
In brief:
Seeds primarily need consistent moisture, appropriate warmth, and sufficient air for germination. They can be germinated directly in a loose substrate or first in a damp paper towel. Once the first shoots appear, move the seedlings to a sufficiently bright location and be careful not to overwater them.
Germination in substrate
For sowing, use a loose and airy substrate for germination and young seedlings. Smaller seeds should be sown very shallowly, while larger ones should be sown approximately one to two seed thicknesses deep. Some very tiny seeds need light to germinate, so just press them gently onto the surface and do not cover them with soil.
Moisten the substrate, but do not soak it. The easiest way is to use a spray bottle, as a strong stream of water can move the seeds or push them too deep. Place the seed tray or small pot in a warm place. For most seeds, a temperature of approximately 20 to 25 °C is suitable, while heat-loving plants such as peppers, chilies, and tomatoes often germinate better at a slightly higher temperature.
You can use a heating mat to provide even warmth and speed up germination. Once the first shoots appear, generally remove it or lower its temperature.
Until germination, ensure the substrate remains consistently slightly moist. A transparent lid or mini greenhouse helps maintain consistent moisture, but open them daily for a short period to allow air circulation and reduce the chance of mold growth.
Germination in damp paper
Place the seeds between two layers of a moistened paper towel and put them in a closed container or bag. The paper should be evenly moist, but not saturated with water. Place the container in a warm spot and check daily to ensure the paper is still moist enough and if a rootlet has already appeared.
Once a small white rootlet appears, carefully transfer the seed to the substrate. Hold it by its casing, not the delicate rootlet, and place it with the rootlet facing down. Do not wait too long to transplant, as a longer root can quickly be damaged or grow into the paper.
What do young seedlings need?
Most seeds do not need strong light for germination itself. However, as soon as the first shoot appears, move the seedling to a bright location or under suitable grow lights. Insufficient light causes seedlings to stretch, becoming thin and weak.
After germination, you can remove the cover and gradually improve air circulation. Keep the substrate slightly moist, but allow its surface to dry out slightly between waterings.
